the shape of the hand

the shape of the hand
The shape of the hand refers to the shape of the palm, fingers. Martial arts many upper limb technique, finally is done through the shape of the hand, its effect also is very different with different shape of the hand. In addition, the shape of the hand also reflect each practiser style features one of the important marks.

Vol. 1. Punch type: fingers grip is called boxing

Many different kinds of punch, mainly divided into two categories: real boxing and virtual boxing.

(1) real boxing, boxing heart clenched fist is called the real punch

A flat punch (also known as siping boxing, boxing, etc.)

Flat punch is the four fingers together to palm grip, thumb flexor buckle on the index finger and middle finger first is held.

Flat punch practical techniques made, hit, hit, rack, etc. In boxing ChangQuan classes appear.

2. Screw punch (also known as spiral punch)

Screw is according to the order of the little finger, ring finger, middle finger, index finger, hand holding, in turn thumb flexor buckle on the index finger and middle finger first held, punch surface into spiral bevel of boxing.

Screw punch is used to collapse, drill, cannon and cross technique, xingyi fall type.

Three is crested boxing (also known as crane top punch)

Crested boxing is by the four fingers together to palm grip, middle finger the first finger pointed out in section boxing, thumbs withhold on the middle finger the third quarter and into a fist.

Crested boxing for more, roof, etc. Is wu, stamp foot, fist of liuhe door type.

Four for sealing eye fist

Sealing eye punch is made up of four point to palm grip, thumb flexor pressure on the punch hole.

Sealing eye boxing practical made, hit, hit, etc. How is the shaolin boxing boxing type.

Five for ChanZhu boxing (also known as the ghost head boxing)

ChanZhu boxing is based on flat punch, sharp bends button on that finger root, make the first held protuberant, surface bulge quan, thumb tip withheld on the middle finger and index finger nails in the second quarter.

ChanZhu boxing practical at top, stamps, points, etc. How is a type of southern boxing.

Real boxing requirements: lumbar clenched fist, thumb withhold also matters; Wrist straight, prevent wrist flexion and tilt your wrist.

(2) virtual boxing, boxing boxing always referred to as virtual boxing heart empty

(also known as centers for a cup one hand punch)

End cup by hand middle finger, ring finger and little finger together bowed to the palm, thumb and forefinger flexion buckle into crab pliers, escaping round type of boxing.

Cup in hand point, top, salt, pinch, buckle and so on techniques. How is drunk to fall.

Its requirements are important, thumb and forefinger to clasp, escaping outside hang, with the index finger forfeit one's honour sharp point.

Secondly, qiang zi boxing (also called the half clutch, avalanche, terrier hand)

Qiang he is by the four fingers together, the third, is held to the flexor clasp, close to the first section refers to the root, the thumb flexor withhold in finger root, palm flat into a fist.

Qiang he practical on top,, plug, strike etc techniques. Type is poking feet more punch.

Its specifications: section one buckle matter, root straight to blow back into a plane.

Three hollow blow (also called a fist)

Hollow blow is by the four fingers together to palm bending. Thumb flexion compression on the index finger and middle finger forfeit one's honour, boxing heart empty, seems to hold an oval ball.

Hollow practical in all kinds of the shape of the hand, hand methods change. Grip kind practical elbow "virtual to real, falling body into boxing", attack the explosive force of a strong, focused.

Its specifications: boxing to loose grip, palm vanity.

2. Palm type: straight five fingers and palm, referred to as the palm

(1) the willow palm (also known as the butterfly)

Willow palm is by the four fingers together, straight, thumb flexor food and clamping buckle, like LiuYeXing of palm. Its specifications palm, finger straight, thumb flexor buckle matter. On palm, palm blade root and four fingers do point, deep impact the fingertips.

Practical to shoot, cut, cut, cut, blow, and wear such as palm method. How is ChangQuan class type.

(2) screws palm

Screw is made up of five fingers straight, to the middle finger and palm up, finger to the dorsal metacarpal become warped up, palm, and the core into a spiral of palm. The specification was palm, fingers, back and up close, micro close tight. With palm blade with wrist root can't do more.

Practical to catch, pick, pick, drilling techniques, etc. How is a type of Chen style tai chi chuan zhang.

(3) the fan palm

Fan palm is made up of five fingers together, natural straight, hands simply concave, scallop and palm. Its specifications palm, refers to the natural straight, palms core concave and storage. How in the palm to the wrist to micro point, deep impact the fingertips. Practical to clap, strike, wear such as palm method. Type more boxing zhang is back.

(4) the circular palm (also called xingyi quan)

Circular hand is made up of five fingers natural say good bye, tiny outreach, index finger on the micro become warped, micro wrapped together into, the thumb in escaping a circle, the other three refers to the peg-leg upward, palm concave, storage into a spherical shape of palm. Its specifications knuckles diastolic, palm circle, a circle. With blade, palms root can't do more, deep impact your fingertips.

Practical in split, tora, pressure, yi, techniques, etc. How is xingyi quan zhang type.

(5) the routine

Routine is made up of four fingers straight, to stand up on the back of hand, thumb naturally to outreach, 90 degrees with the index finger, tiger walked round core sunken into the palms. Its specifications, knuckles natural straight outreach. To palm place of root of blade and refers to do more, deep impact, fingertips.

Practical to ting, pushing, buckle, such as palm method. How is bagua palm.

3. Hook type: fingers grasp all, wrist flexion commission called the hook.

(1) five fingers hook (also known as crane, overhead crane hand)

Finger hook by thumb and little finger tip pinch approach first, then the index finger and ring finger pinch approach, and then the middle finger to grasp knead on the index and ring fingers, five fingers to grasp her, then bend the wrist inward bending hook, a hook. Its specifications hook tip pinch of tight, carpus hooks to buckle. How to hook tip point.

Practical in diao, catch, top, buckle hook method, etc. How is ChangQuan, taijiquan hook type.

(2) finger clasps (also known as cheng)

Finger hook is grabbing her by the thumb and index finger end, middle finger, ring finger and little finger flexion bending, stick in the palm, pinch of flexor wrist bent inward and into the hook type. Its specifications pinched her thumb and forefinger, wrist to buckle. How to hook tip point.

Practical in the hold, take, lock, buckle hook method. How is the hook type of Chen style tai chi chuan.

(3) three refers to hook (also called dust pan hand)

Three refers to the hook is made up of food, thumb and middle finger to grasp her, middle finger, ring finger and little finger flexion bending in thumb "yu ji" place, wrist inward bent hook and the hook type. Its three refers to the specifications in the thumb, food, fashion matters, flexor wrist to buckle. How to hook tip point.

Practical in steak and point and plane, liao, hit the hook method. How to hook poking feet, mantis boxing.

4. The claw type: fingers open or closed. The third section, finger flexor buckle or straighten, called claws.

(1) the African

African is made up of four fingers together straight or peg-leg, fingers up and thrown back; Thumb unbend, jaws open, wrist flexor downdip section. Palm concave. The specification refers to the pretty and become warped, wrist inside the buckle. Pea to do more, deep impact finger-tips.

Practical to grasp, robot, agent such as claw method. How to ChangQuan claw.

(2) tiger PAWS

Tiger claw is made up of four fingers open, the third section, finger flexor clasp, thumb straight or bend clasp, wrist backward bend section, before the palm into a claw. Its specifications knuckles flexor and buckle, wrist flexor section collapse. How to pea point.

Practical in push, take, catch, pick, claw method. More to the southern style boxing.the, pictographic boxing claw type.

(3) the talons

Talons is by the four fingers together, the third, is held to the flexor clasp, thumb and outreach, third knuckle bends inward clasp, jaws hang round, palm concave empty into a claw. Its specifications knuckle down and buckle, tucks Zhang Eryuan and palm hollow and empty. Pea to do more, deep impact finger-tips.

Practical to grasp, captive, escape, buckle, such as lock claw method. More to the southern style boxing.the, ChangQuan, eagle claw.

5. Type refers to: in one, two or three refers to straighten out, the rest refers to bend over, called refers to.

(1) the king kong (also known as diamond)

Stand with king kong is refers to by the index finger and middle finger, ring finger and little finger flexion in the palm, thumb withhold first is held in the middle finger, ring finger and form refers to the type. Its specifications index finger, hold tight, wrist straight section. With fingers do more.

Practical in points, stamps, drill, tingling and techniques. How to shaolin acupuncture method indicating type.

(2) the sword refers to

Together straight sword refers to is by the index finger, middle finger, the rest three point to palm bending, thumbs withhold in the ring finger, little finger, hand holes and refers to the type. Its specifications sword refers to straight, only empty handed. With fingers do more. Practical points, tingling and fingering. Is fencing refers to type more, therefore calls the sword refers to.

(3) the ombre (also called the sword)?

Ombre refers to food, is made up of two fingers in the finger straight, ring finger and little finger and the thumb button the first and second quarter in the root, type of escaping to refer to. Its specifications sword refers to straight, are tightening. With fingers do more. Practical points, tingling and fingering. Fencing is refers to the type.

(4) 'refers to (also called wasp sting)

Stand with 'refers to is by the index finger and middle finger, ring finger and little finger together, the third section, finger flexion bending buckle in the root, the thumb flexor buckle on the index finger section of root type. Its specifications forefinger, holding tight. With fingers do more.

Practical point, stamp, tingling and fingering. Is wu class refers to the type.

(5) cut refers to gold (also called scissors, snake refers to)

Kim cut refers to general is on the basis of the sword refers to the index finger, middle finger separately. Its specifications aimed at straight, only empty handed. With fingers do more.

Practical points, fork, stamps, tingling and fingering. More to the southern style boxing.the class type.

（四）手型

    手型是指手掌、五指的形状。武术许多上肢技法，最终都是通过手型来完成的，其作用效果也因手型不同而大不一样。另外，手型也时体现各拳种风格特点的重要标志之一。
    1.拳型:五指卷握称为拳
    拳的种类很多，主要分为实拳和虚拳两大类。
 
    (1)实拳：拳心紧握的拳称为实拳

    一为平拳(又称四平拳、方拳等)
    平拳是四指并拢向掌心卷握，拇指屈扣于食指和中指第二指节上而成。
    平拳实用于冲、打、砸、架等技法。多在长拳类拳术中出现。

    二为螺丝拳(又称螺形拳)
    螺丝拳是按小指、无名指、中指、食指的次序，依次向手心卷握，拇指屈扣于食指和中指第二指节上，拳面成螺旋形斜面而成的拳。
    螺丝拳多用于崩、钻、炮、横等技法中，是形意拳拳型。

    三为凤头拳(又称鹤顶拳)
    凤头拳是由四指并拢向掌心卷握，中指第二指节尖凸出拳面，拇指扣压于中指第三节上而成的拳。
    凤头拳多用于点、顶等技法。多是南拳、戳脚、六合门的拳型。

    四为封眼拳
    封眼拳是由四指向掌心卷握，拇指屈压于拳眼上而成。
    封眼拳实用于冲、击、砸等技法。多是少林类拳术的拳型。
 
    五为单珠拳(又称鬼头拳)
    单珠拳是在平拳基础上，将食指尖屈扣于指根，使第二指节突起，凸出拳面，拇指尖扣压于中指第二节与食指指甲上。
    单珠拳实用于顶、戳、点等技法。多是南拳的拳型。
 
    实拳的要求：拳腰握紧、拇指扣压也要紧；手腕要挺直，防止屈腕和翘腕。

    (2)虚拳：拳心虚空的拳总称为虚拳
 
    一为端杯手(又称顶心拳)
    端杯手是由中指、无名指、小指并拢卷屈于掌心，拇指与食指屈扣成蟹钳状，虎口圆撑而成的拳型。
    端杯手实用于点、顶、冲、掐、扣等技法。多是醉拳拳型。
    其要求卷屈指要紧，拇、食指要扣，虎口外撑，以食指的屈节尖为力点。

    二为羌子拳(又称半把攥、崩手、梗手)
    羌子拳是由四指并拢，第三、二指节向里屈扣，紧贴第一节指根，拇指屈扣压于食指根，手心平直而成的拳。
    羌子拳实用于顶、点、插、击等技法。多是戳脚拳型。
其规格要求：屈指扣节要紧，指根挺直与拳背成一平面。

    三为空心拳(又称半握拳)
    空心拳是由四指并拢向掌心弯曲。拇指屈压于食指与中指屈节上，拳心虚空，似握着一椭圆形小球的拳。
    空心拳实用于各种手型、手法变化。技击实用肘“虚握实击，落身成拳”，出击的爆发力刚猛、集中。
    其规格要求：拳要松握，手心虚空。
 
    2.掌型:五指与掌伸直，称为掌
    (1)柳叶掌(又称蝴蝶掌)
    柳叶掌是由四指并拢、挺直，拇指屈扣于虎口并夹紧，似柳叶形而成的掌。其规格要求手掌、手指要挺直，拇指屈扣要紧。多以掌刃、掌根和四指尖为力点，劲贯指尖。
    实用于拍、击、穿、砍、削、劈等掌法。多是长拳类掌型。
    (2) 螺丝掌
    螺丝掌是由五指伸直，向中指、掌心裹卷，指尖向掌背翘仰，掌心微合，成螺旋形的掌。其规格要求掌、指、仰挺而裹合，虎口微合紧。多以掌刃以腕根为力点。
    实用于抓、拿、采、钻等技法。多是陈式太极拳掌型。
    (3)扇形掌
    扇形掌是由五指并拢，自然伸直，手心微凹，成扇形而成的掌。其规格要求掌、指自然伸直，掌心微凹而蓄。多以掌心以腕根微力点，劲贯指尖。实用于拍、击、穿等掌法。多是通背拳掌型。


    (4)圆形掌(又称形意拳)
    圆形掌是由五指自然分张，拇指外展，食指微上翘，拇指微向里裹合，虎口张圆，其余三指微屈向上，掌心凹蓄，成球面形而成的掌。其规格要求指节舒张，掌型圆合，虎口张圆。多以掌刃、掌根为力点，劲贯指尖。
    实用于劈、托、压、掖、盖等技法。多是形意拳掌型。

    (5)八卦掌
    八卦掌是由四指伸直，向手背面挺仰，拇指自然微向外展，与食指成90度，虎口撑圆，掌心微凹而成的掌。其规格要求掌、指节自然伸直外展。多以掌刃及指根处为力点、劲贯指尖。
    实用于挺、推、扣、抓等掌法。多是八卦掌掌型。
 
 
    3.钩型：手指尖抓拢，屈腕回扣称为钩。
    (1)五指钩(又称吊手、鹤顶手)
    五指钩是由先拇指和小指端捏拢，再食指与无名指捏拢，然后中指抓捏于食指、无名指上，五指端抓拢后，再屈腕向内弯勾，成钩形。其规格要求钩尖撮紧，腕节弯勾要扣。多以钩尖为力点。
    实用于刁、抓、顶、扣等钩法。多是长拳、太极拳钩型。
    (2)二指钩(又称凤眼钩)
    二指钩是由拇指和食指端抓拢，中指、无名指和小指弯屈，撮贴于掌心，屈腕向内弯而成的钩型。其规格要求拇指和食指捏紧，曲腕要扣。多以钩尖为力点。
    实用于抓、拿、锁、扣等钩法。多是陈式太极拳的钩型。
    (3)三指钩(又称撮子手)
    三指钩是由拇、食、中指指端抓拢，中指、无名指和小指弯屈于大拇指鱼际处，手腕向内弯勾而成的钩型。其规格要求拇、食、中三指抓捏要紧，屈腕要扣。多以钩尖为力点。
    实用于扒、点、刨、撩、撞等钩法。多以戳脚、螳螂拳的钩型。


    4.爪型：五指张开或并拢。第三、二指节屈扣或伸直，称为爪。
    (1)龙爪
    龙爪是由四指并拢挺直或微屈，指尖向上仰翘；拇指伸直，虎口张开，腕节向下倾屈。掌心凹含。其规格要求指挺而仰翘，手腕内扣。多以爪尖为力点，劲贯指尖。
实用于抓、扑、探等爪法。多以长拳类爪型。
    (2)虎爪
    虎爪是由四指张开，第三、二指节屈扣，拇指伸直或屈扣，腕节向后仰屈，掌心前突而成的爪。其规格要求指节张屈而扣，腕节塌而屈。多以爪尖为力点。
    实用于推、拍、抓、扒等爪法。多以南拳、象形拳爪型。
    (3)鹰爪
    鹰爪是由四指并拢，第三、二指节向内屈扣，拇指跟节外展，第三指节向内屈扣，虎口撑圆，掌心凹空而成的爪。其规格要求指节屈而扣，虎口张而圆，掌心凹而空。多以爪尖为力点，劲贯指尖。
    实用于抓、掳、擒、扣、锁等爪法。多以南拳、长拳、鹰爪拳爪型。
 
 
    5.指型：以一、二或三指伸直，其余指屈拢，称为指。
    (1)金刚指(又称金刚钻)
    金刚指是由食指挺直，中指、无名指、小指卷屈于掌心，拇指扣压于中指、无名指第二指节上而形成的指型。其规格要求食指挺，握指紧，腕节直。多以指尖为力点。
    实用于点、戳、钻、刺等技法。多以少林类点穴法指型。
    (2)剑指
    剑指是由食指、中指并拢挺直、其余三指向掌心弯曲，拇指扣压于无名指、小指节上，手心曲孔而成的指型。其规格要求剑指挺直，屈指空握。多以指尖为力点。实用于点、刺等指法。多是剑术指型，故称剑指。
    (3)凤尾指(又称剑指)？
    凤尾指是由食、中两指并拢挺直，无名指、小指和拇指第一、二节扣于指根，虎口夹指而成的指型。其规格要求剑指挺直，屈指扣紧。多以指尖为力点。         实用于点、刺等指法。多是剑术指型。
    (4)追风指(又称黄蜂刺)
    追风指是由食指挺直，中指、无名指、小指并拢，第三、二指节弯屈扣贴于指根，拇指屈扣于食指节根而成的指型。其规格要求食指挺、握指紧。多以指尖为力点。
    实用于点、戳、刺等指法。多是南拳类指型。
    (5)金剪指(又称剪刀指、蛇指)
    金剪指是在剑指的基础上将食指、中指分开而成。其规格要求直指挺直，屈指空握。多以指尖为力点。
    实用于点、叉、戳、刺等指法。多以南拳类指型。